THE 1873 TREATIES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE WITH THE KHANATE OF KHIVA AND THE EMIRATE OF BUKHARA: A HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS

The article devoted to specific features of relations the Russian Empire with Emirate Bukhara and Khanate Khiva on base treaties signed in 1873, which are considered fix status these Central Asian polities as protectorates. author examined preconditions signing treaties, analyses Russia Bukhara, gives a formal legal characterization their form content. is an attempt explain reasons including by authors statements were provide control under policy khanates different areas well further practical implementation statements. Sometimes not so obvious it makes analyze only literal sense but also “spirit”, i. e. implication within context Russo-Bukharan Russo-Khivan before after establishment protectorate. analysis historical sources (legal acts, another official documents, contemporary testimonies, periodicals) results previously made research allows conclude that authorities complex activities frontier modernization due regard for political-legal social-economical position intricate international situation contradictions itself.